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16 The ironical presentation of Verres as a military man continues, but Cicero has chosen the name of a notorious Roman defeat for his comparison. The calendar then moves to summer, but the stress moves somewhat away from military considerations, as Cicero describes this season as ‘the time which all praetors in Sicily usually spend travelling’ since the island’s grain production can most clearly be seen during the summer. Verres, however, innovates (2. 5. 29–2. 5. 31): Then, I assert, when other praetors were racing around, this new type of commander set up a fixed camp in the most beautiful spot in Syracuse.

6–9; 2nd Phil. 44 ff . 44 Romans in the provinces Cicero attacks Verres in a wide variety of ways, because he is drawing on a whole range of beliefs about the desirable behaviour of a Roman magistrate while outside Italy and showing that Verres does not fulfil any of the criteria. He has failed in his duties to the Roman people, most notably the military ones; he has failed to behave towards the people of Sicily as he should; and he has failed in the much broader sense of being a good Roman, maintaining appropriate standards of morality and decorum.

In particular, Verres is contemptuous of those who are not experts (2. 4. 4): ‘at Heius’ house there was a shrine . . 53 Verres’ alleged use of the Greek term (idiotas) sets up an opposition between him and his Greek, snobbish knowledge, and Cicero and the audience (note nostrum) who don’t know about art but know what they like. Moreover, Cicero suggests that Verres’ knowledge is pointless, because even without it one can appreciate the statues. Subsequently Cicero has his cake and eats it, by implying that although Verres lays claim to this dubious foreign knowledge, he is in fact a philistine.

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